Tab Article

The field of interventional cardiology has changed colossally ever since the first coronary angioplasty performed by Gruentzig in 1977. The coronary angioplasty was once considered a major procedure with high failure rates. However, with the availability of dual lumen microcatheters, dedicated CTO wires, atherectomy devices, coronary lithotripsy, excimer laser, and intracoronary imaging like IVUS and OCT, the procedural success has increased even in complex coronary lesions. In the last three decades, coronary angioplasty has evolved significantly to the extent that modern cardiologists attempt to open even the most complex tortuous calcified long segment chronic total occlusions. Similarly, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices help to attempt complex PCI in high-risk populations. According to the CSI NIC 2023 data, more than 10 lakhs PCI were performed in India during 2023. Along with PCI, the number of structural heart interventions has also increased. Newer technologies in transcatheter heart valves keep expanding the indications of transcatheter heart valve implantations and reducing the complication rates. Similar to transcatheter heart valve implantations, mitral and tricuspid valve edge-to-edge repairs have reduced mortality and morbidity significantly in high-risk patients. Newer advances in the field of interventional cardiology have given better longevity and quality of life to high-risk patients. In this manual of interventional cardiology, we have carefully selected topics to give practical tips for interventional cardiologists who are in their early stages of the career. All the authors have attempted to provide the most updated knowledge in their respective topics. Topics on coronary, structural heart, and peripheral arterial interventions have been included that are done in our routine clinical practice. We believe that this manual will serve as good reference material for fellows and young cardiologists.